Table 2 Association of p27kip1 expression with various clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic parameters in patients with head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma
| Low p27kip1 Expression (n = 39) | High p27kip1 Expression (n = 66) | P-Value | Relative Risk (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age(years) | ||||
| Mean ± SDa | 49.46 ± 14.13 | 51.83 ± 11.20 | 0.175** | NA |
| Groupsd | ||||
| ≤ 30 years | 4(10.3) | 2(3) | 0.323** | NA |
| 31–50 years | 19(48.7) | 32(48.5) | ||
| > 50 years | 16(41) | 32(48.5) | ||
| Tumor Size (cm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD° | 3.80 ± 1.44 | 2.96 ± 1.44 | 0.056** | NA |
| Groupsc | ||||
| T1(≤2 cm) | 9(23.1) | 18(27.3) | 0.079** | NA |
| T2(2.1–4.0 cm) | 16(41) | 37(56.1) | ||
| T3(> 4 cm) | 14(35.9) | 11(16.7) | ||
| Tumor Depth (cm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD° | 1.04 ± 0.65 | 1.20 ± 0.79 | 0.534 | NA |
| Groups® | ||||
| < 2 cm | 35(89.7) | 54(81.8) | 0.275** |
0.514 (0.154–1.723) |
| ≥ 2 cm | 4(10.3) | 12(18.2) | ||
| Disease Free Survival (months)° | 16.08 ± 21.66 | 32.91 ± 25.37 | 0.000* | NA |
| History of Pan/gutka usage | ||||
| Duration (unit)b | 15.72 ± 6.34 | 15.24 ± 10.28 | 0.532 | NA |
| History of pan/gutkac | ||||
| Yes | 36(92.3) | 45(68.2) | 0.004* |
0.179 (0.049–0.647) |
| No | 3(7.7) | 21(31.8) | ||
| Genderc | ||||
| Male | 31(79.5) | 48(72.7) | 0.438** |
0.688 (0.267–1.775) |
| Female | 8(20.5) | 18(27.3) | ||
| Sited | ||||
| Oral cavity proper/buccal mucosa | 27(69.2) | 44(66.7) | 0.165 | NA |
| Lip | 4(10.3) | 1(1.5) | ||
| Tongue | 7(17.9) | 17(25.8) | ||
| Soft Palate | 1(2.6) | 4(6.1) | ||
| Nodal Staged | ||||
| N0 | 18(46.2) | 36(54.5) | 0.102** | NA |
| N1 | 3(7.7) | 12(18.2) | ||
| N2b | 17(43.6) | 17(25.8) | ||
| N2c | 1(2.6) | 0(0) | ||
| N3 | 0(0) | 1(1.5) | ||
| Extranodal extentionc | ||||
| Present | 11(28.2) | 18(27.3) | 0.918** |
1.048 (0.433–2.534 |
| Not Present | 28(71.8) | 48(72.7) | ||
| Histological Subtypesc | ||||
| Non-keratinizing | 7(17.9) | 10(15.2) | 0.738** | NA |
| Keratinizing | 20(51.3) | 39(59.1) | ||
| Keratinizing with maturation | 12(30.8) | 17(25.8) | ||
| Histological Graded | ||||
| Grade I | 7(17.9) | 18(27.3) | 0.570** | NA |
| Grade II | 28(71.8) | 42(63.6) | ||
| Grade III | 4(10.3) | 6(9.1) | ||
| Lymphovascular Invasion | ||||
| Present | 0(0) | 0(0) | NA | NA |
| Not Present | 66(100) | 39(100) | ||
| Perineural Invasionc | ||||
| Present | 9(23.1) | 7(10.6) | 0.086** |
2.529 (0.858–7.454) |
| Not Present | 30(76.9) | 59(89.4) | ||
| Recurrencec | ||||
| Yes | 29(74.4) | 26(39.4) | 0.001* |
0.224 (0.094–0.536) |
| No | 10(25.6) | 40(60.6) | ||